Understanding The Stereochemistry Of Organic Compounds Environmental Sciences Essay

Stereoisomers are defined as molecules of indistinguishable atomic composings ( molecular expression ) , but with different adhering agreements of atoms or orientation of their atoms in infinite. Based on this definition, several types of isomerism are possible including constitutional, configurational, and conformational isomerism. Constitutional isomers ( besides called structural or positional isomers ) are molecules with the same atomic composing but different adhering agreements between atoms, as illustrated by theexamples of catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone. All of these compounds have the same atomic composing ( C6H6O2 ) , but different adhering agreements of atoms and are therefore distinguishable chemical entities with different chemical and physical belongingss. Stereochemistry ( from the the Greek stereos, intending solid ) refers to chemistry in three dimensions. Since most molecules are three dimension, stereochemistry, infact, prevade all chemical science. It is non so much a subdivision of the topic as a point of position, and wheather one choose to take this point of position in any given state of affairs depends on the job one wants to work out and on the tools one has available to work out it. We factorize stereochemistry into its ststic and dynamic aspects.STATIC stereochemistry ( better called stereochemistry of molecules ) trades with the numeration of stereoisomer, with their construction, with their energy and with their physical and most of their spectral belongings. DYNAMIC stereochemistry ( stereochemistry of reaction ) deals with the stereochemical demand and stereochemical result of chemical reactions, including interconversion of conformational isomerms. If we represent the undermentioned fanciful molecule with no stereochemistry, there is nil seemingly particular about it: However, if we represent it to the full, including the place of atoms in infinite, it becomes evident that the description above is obscure, as it encompasses two molecules ; those below: This is what stereochemistry is we can specify compounds into many manner and can besides arise many new compouds. So stereochemistry is chemical science that surveies the belongings of isomers. History Historically the beginnings of stereochemistry root from the find of plane polarized visible radiation by the French physicist MALUS. In 1815 biot note that certain natural organic compounds rotate plane polarized visible radiation as ARGO ( 1811 ) , discovered that a vitreous silica home base, cut at a right angle to its crystal axis, rotates the plane polarized visible radiation through an angle proportional to the thickness of the home base. S ome vitreous silica crystal rotate towards left while some to the right. However in 1847 LOUIS PASTEUR find that equimolar solution of seprated mixture have equal but opposite optical activity. In 1874 LEBEL and VAN'T-HOFF proposes that C with 4 fond regard is tetrahedral and a molecule holding a teahedral geometry will be as brace of two isomer. Isomerism Isomers are defined as molecules of indistinguishable atomic composings ( molecular expression ) , but with different adhering agreements of atoms or orientation of their atoms in infinite. Based on this definition, several types of isomerism are possible including constitutional, configurational, and conformational isomerism. Constitutional isomers ( besides called structural or positional isomers ) are molecules with the same atomic composing but different adhering agreements between atoms, as illustrated by theexamples of catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone. All of these compounds have the same atomic composing ( C6H6O2 ) , but different adhering agreements of atoms and are therefore distinguishable chemical entities with different chemical and physical belongingss. GEOMETRIC ISOMERISM Geometric isomers have the same empirical expression or molecular expression and besides the same structural expression, but have a different comparative agreement of the substituent groups. For illustration, the two geometric isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene ( Figure 2 ) have the molecular expression of C2H2Cl2, and the same structural expression of Cl ( H ) C=C ( H ) Cl, but the comparative place of the two Cl atoms can either be the same side of the C=C dual bond ( i.e. , Commonwealth of Independent States, see Figure 2a ) or on opposite sides of the C=C dual bond ( i.e. , trans, see Figure 2b ) . The usage of Commonwealth of Independent States and trans is non limited to organic compounds such as alkenes, but can besides be used in metal composites, e.g. , Figure 3. Figure 2: The two geometric isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene. Figure 3: Examples of ( a ) Commonwealth of Independent States and ( B ) trans geometric isomers for metal composites. When it is non possible to depict geometric isomers by the footings cis or trans, the footings facial ( fac, Figure 4a ) or meridinal ( thousand, Figure 4b ) are normally employed. Examples of ( a ) fac and ( B ) mer geometric isomers for metal composites. POLARIMETRY AND OPTICAL ROTATION Polarized visible radiation is obtained by go throughing ordinary visible radiation through a polarizer, such as nicol prism.The orientation of the polarizer ‘s axis of polarisation determines the plane of the ensuing polarized visible radiation. Optical Activity: – Unpolarized visible radiation from a suited beginning is made to go through through a polarizer that normally consists of a brace of crossed Nichol prisms. The light go forthing the polarizer is flat polarized and, in the diagram, the angle of the Nichol prisms has been adjusted to bring forth vertically polarized visible radiation. This visible radiation is so passed through a tubing incorporating the sample. If the sample is optically active, the plane of the polarized visible radiation will be rotated, as shown in figure The extent of rotary motion will depend on the polarizability of the substance and its concentration. The visible radiation from the sample cell is so passed through another brace of crossed Nichol prisms called the analyser. The analyser prisms are so rotated so that the familial visible radiation is once more vertically polarized. The angle through which the analyser has been turned is called the angle of polarisation. Clockwise rotary motion of polarized visibl e radiation is designated as ( + ) and anti clockwise rotary motion as ( ) . The constituted method of specifying rotary motion is that the ( + ) isomer is termed dextro and the ( ) isomer laevo. Optical activities of enantiomorph A brace of enantiomorph are distinguised by their optical activites because a brace of enantiomorphs rotates the plane of polarized visible radiation by equal sums in opposite way. In a mixture of two enantiomorphs, each contribute to the optical rotary motion in proportion to its concentration.It follows that a sample incorporating equal sums of two enantiomorph must hold an ascertained optical rotary motion of nothing. Enantiomorph of tartaric acid is: Enantiomorph Enantiomorphs are compounds that have the same ordination of atoms as each other, but that differ from one another when viewed in three dimensions. The compound drawn to the left is an enantiomorph because it has the H3C group projecting up from the page toward the reader. The corresponding enantiomorph would hold the H3C group projecting below the page off from the reader. A racemic mixture refers to a 50:50 mixture of two matching enantiomorphs. CHIRALITY Chirality is a structural belongings of an object. An object is said to bechiral if its mirror image can non be superimposed with itself by the agencies of rotary motions. The most familiar illustration of a chiral object is our manus. To see this, we foremost have to convert ourselves that our two custodies are mirror images of each other. Then we can pass hours revolving our two custodies around and seeking to superpose them point-to-point, merely to happen out that it is impossible. Thus a human manus is a chiral object. An object is said to be achiral if its mirror image is its exact reproduction DIASTEREOMER They are different physical/chemical belongingss in chiral/achiral environments. Stereoisomers that are non enantiomer are called diastereomers. FISHER PROJECTION Fischer projections are used to visually depict assorted isomers of the same compound in two dimensions. They are besides used as a basic trial for optical activity ( or chirality ) . The Fischer projection looks like a cross, with the ( unseeable ) asymmetric C located at the points where the lines cross. The horizontal lines are taken to be cuneuss, or bonds that project out of the plane of the paper. The perpendicular lines are taken to project away organize the spectator, or back below the plane of the paper, as dotted lines. Configuration Configurational isomers are defined as molecules of indistinguishable atomic composing and adhering agreements of atoms, but different orientations of atoms in infinite, and these different orientations can non interconvert freely by bond rotary motion. Since these types of isomers differ merely in comparative spacial orientations of atoms, they are normally referred to as stereoisomers. Configurational stereoisomers are subcategorized as optical isomers ( enantiomorphs ) or geometric isomers ( Fig. 2 ) , depending upon the hybridisation province and geometry of the atoms that impart the belongingss of stereoisomerism and the overall construction of the molecule. Stereoisomers of this type are distinguishable chemical entities that may hold different chemical and physical belongingss. Conformation Conformational isomers ( conformers ) are stereoisomeric signifiers characterized by different comparative spacial agreements of atoms that result from rotary motion about sigma bonds. Therefore, unlike configurational isomers, conformers are interconverting stereochemical signifiers of a individual compound. STEREOCHEMICAL Correlation The absolute constellation of most organic compounds are determined alternatively by utilizing chemical reaction correlative with other compounds of known absolute compounds is known as stereochemical correlativity. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF CHEMICAL REACTION No chemical reaction can be planned without stereochemical inside informations, and no chemical reaction can be planned without sing jobs oe stereochemistry that might originate. A.STEREOCHEMICHEMISTRY OF ADDITION REACTION An add-on reaction can happen in either of two stereochemically different ways, called syn add-on and anti add-on. Stereochemistry of an add-on can be determined merely when the stereochemically different manners of add-on give rise to stereochemically different merchandises. Syn and anti add-on gives different merchandises merely when both Cs of the dual bond becomes carbon stereocentre in the merchandise. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF SUBSITITUTION REACTION A permutation reaction can happen in two stereochemically different ways, called keeping of constellation and inversion of constellation so x and x ‘ have the same comparative stereochemical place. Substation rxn with keeping of constellation is It implies that if x and x ‘ have the same comparative precedences in the R, S system so the C that undergoes subsititution will hold the same constellation in the reactant and the merchandise. When the subsititution occur with inversion of constellation so x and x ‘ have different comparative stereochemical places. Subsititution with inversion of constellation is: They have same comparative precedences in the R, S system, so the C that undergoes permutation must hold opposite constellation in the reactant and the merchandise. Stereochemistry of A Chemical reactions Two merchandises are formed when a chiral substrate that possesses an asymmetric, electrophilic C is applied in an A reaction. One of them has the same absolute constellation as the get downing merchandise ( if, harmonizing to the CIP regulations, the go forthing group and the nucleophile have the same place in the precedence order of the substituents ) , which is called keeping. In contrast, the other merchandise possesses the opposite absolute constellation, known as inversion. In reactions, the nucleofuge exits the substrate before the nucleophilic onslaught can of all time happen. Thus, an intermediate carbocation is so formed. Due to the carbocation ‘s rhombohedral planar form, its two enantiotopic sides are susceptible to assail by the nucleophile with the same chance. Stereochemistry ofA Chemical reactions If a pure enantiomorph is applied to an reaction, three different stereochemical consequences are imaginable: The initial spacial agreement of the reaction centre ‘s substituents remains ( keeping ) . The initial substituent ‘s spacial agreement is inverted ( inversion ) . Retention, every bit good as inversion takes topographic point. If keeping and inversion occur to the same grade, the reaction yields a racemate ( racemization ) . Stereochemistry of E2 Elimination In the E2 riddance reaction, the carbon-hydrogen sigma bond and the carbon-leaving group sigma bond must lie in the same plane. This allows the orbitals to get down to overlap to organize the pi bond as the bonds to the H and the go forthing group are broken. There are two possible two-dimensional agreements of these bonds: both on the same side of the C-C bond ( syn-coplanar ) ; or on opposite sides of the C-C bond ( anti-coplanar ) In syn the bond from the C to the go forthing group ( green ) and the bond from the other C to the H ( bluish ) are syn-coplanar. The dihedral angle between these bonds is zero grades. This conformation is eclipsed about the carbon-carbon bond In anti the bond from the C to the go forthing group ( green ) and the bond from the other C to the H ( bluish ) are anti-coplanar. The dihedral angle between these bonds is 180 grades. This conformation is staggered about the carbon-carbon bond. Because this conformation is more stable than the eclipsed conformation required for syn riddance, anti riddance is preferred in E2 reactions STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALKANEConformationsAlkane conformers arise from rotary motion around sp3 hybridised C C sigma bonds. The smallest methane series with such a chemical bond, C2H6, exists as an infinite figure of conformations with regard to rotation around the C-C bond. Two of these are recognised as energy lower limit ( staggered ) and energy upper limit ( eclipsed ) signifiers. The being of specific conformations is due to hindered rotary motion around sigma bonds, although a function for hyperconjugation is proposed by a viing theory. CONSTITUTIONAL ISOMER There are different types of isomer. Isomers such as butane and isobutane that differ in the connectivity of their atom are termed as constitutional isomer.butane and isobutane are merely constitutional isomer with the formulaC4H10. However, more constitutional isomer are possibles for methane series with more C atoms. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALKENE The stereochemistry of halogen add-on is unambiguously determined by the anti add-on and the about wholly restricted rotary motion of the carbon-carbon bond of the halonium ion. Therefore, the bromination of cis-2-butene outputs a racemate of ( 2R,3R ) – and ( 2S,3S ) -dibromobutane, whereas the bromination of trans-2-butene outputs the meso compound. CIS TRANS GEOMETRY OF ALKENE If olefines have two different substituents at each terminal of the C=C so they can be as stereoisomers ( as geometric isomers ) . This is because there is restricted rotary motion of the dual bond due to the pi bond CIS TRANS E-Z SYSTEM The cis- / trans- manner is based on the longest concatenation whereas the E/Z manner is based on a set of precedence rules.A You need to cognize both manners. Z SYSTEM cis-but-2-eneor ( Z ) -but-2-ene The E- and Z- manner is more dependable and peculiarly suited to extremely substituted olefines, particularly when the substituents are non alkyl groups. STEREOCHEMISTRY: -FUTURE PROSPECTUS AND APLLICATION 1.Temperature transition of the stereochemistry of enzymatic catalys. 2.It is used in medical intent for malarial bar, control and research 3.The HeI resonance line used for UPS was produced by DC discharge of pure He gas. 4. Stereochemistry is extremely used in biochemistry in assorted intents like enzyme accelerator e.t.c. 5. Writing ionisation is known to be one of the most of import types of chemical reaction in aerospace. Steric screening consequence of methyl group an writing ionisation in subsitutional aminobenzine. 6. Stereochemistry is ever used in detecting new compounds 7. Stereochemistry is used to cognize the belongings and other new belongings of the bing compound or the compounds non knownaˆÂ ¦.. REFRENCES Hehre, W.J. ( 1975 ) , J.AM.CHEM KARLE J. ( 1973 ) , ‘ELECTRON DIFRACTION ‘IN NACHOD, F.C AND ZUKERMAN, VOL 5 P12. ELIEL L. ERNEST ( 2009 ) , STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, WILEY STUDENT EDITION LOUDON MARC G. ( 2009 ) ,4th EDITON, ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, OXFORD UNIERSITY PRESS Web site hypertext transfer protocol: //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Example_of_stereoisomers hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.in/imgres? imgurl=http: //img121.imageshack.us/img121/5564/81111276.jpg & A ; imgrefurl=http: //www.chemicalforums.com/index. WWW.CHEMISTRY.UK www.wileyindia/chem.com

Essay Exemplar

It is only thin mathematics, wherein a binary truth-false system holds that we are able to discern a true from a false. This essay will argue that, within mathematics, the claim to an absolute truth is warped and self-contradicting, and as a result, processes that search for truths outside mathematics are to be contained within their respective realms of applicability. In other words, the soundness of a truth should not be based on an absolute dichotomy, but rather as a spectrum of validity where locality and scope are cornerstones of validity.Let us however, allow this essay to begin the discussion by assuming that such absolute distinctions are plausible. In mathematics, a truth is defined as any statement that can be deduced from a logical, valid, sound process with the respective given assumptions. In other words, a truth is something that, assuming the same axioms, should follow directly with the irrefutable laws of logic. A falsehood must therefore be any statement or claim tha t cannot be sustained by a valid logical process with the given assumptions. Let's take the example of Pythagoras, whose famous theorem is ubiquitous to this day.Pythagoras assumed a Euclidean plane system and used past theorems to rove his own. It is not his proof that will be the focus of this essay, but the process. Pythagoras developed his proof through the method of abstraction, that is, he removed all connections that his ideas had with the real world: â€Å"He realized that numbers exist independently of the tangible world and therefore their study was untainted by the niacin racier of perception†(Sings 5). Indeed, the goal of this process was to â€Å"discover truths that were independent of opinion or prejudice and that were more absolute tan any previous knowledge. † (Sings 5).The process of abstraction is of keen interest, cause it implies tattoo can effectively create truths that are independent of all experience or emotion. However, I will later demonstrat e the process of abstraction is subject to questioning when it claims the right to absolute truths because of the restrictions that axioms undertake. Assuming different axioms stands as a strong counterpoint to question the validity of absolute truths through the process of abstraction. Particularly, this consideration attacks the assumption of truth as ubiquitous, and challenges the locality, or context, in which a truth holds.Again, let us take the example of Euclidean geometry. Euclidean geometry follows the bread and butter 5 postulates that Euclid first proposed. However, his 5th postulate, with slight ;easing, creates worlds that are completely different from the flat planes and static dimensions. Both Albatrosses and Belittle took a different meaning of the 5th postulate. Albatrosses assumed that parallel lines actually do not stay at the same distance Over infinity, but rather diverge from one another; Belittle proposed that they eventually get closer and collide.The discove ries and rather theorems that these mathematicians proposed turned the world on its head. How do these new geometries challenge the assumption of locality in an absolute truth? As it turns out, the elliptic and hyperbolic geometries had earned more than a place but a right to be considered as legitimate mathematics. Hyperbolic geometry adequately fits in to the general theory of relativity, which has a massive predicting power and has robust empirical support. Elliptic geometry now finds a place with GAPS tracking devices and is extremely handy for use in spherical coordinate systems.The crazy new idea f tweaking Culicid's 5th postulate had now to be seriously reconsidered: They were derived through the process Of abstraction and followed sound logic, but could these mathematics claim to be a more â€Å"absolute† truth than the Euclidean geometry? Eugene Wagner, a mid 20th century mathematician and physicist, would respond that yes, all of them would have to be considered equ ally. Wagner was heavily concerned with the puzzle that mathematics in the natural sciences create.How is it that abstract ideas, which have been effectively detached from the real world, are able to model it so precisely? To he physicist, the mathematics that is able to model relativity or the Earth is to be considered, and should therefore consider them to be pursued in terms of utility. Wagner concludes his essay on The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences with a key phrase: â€Å"The miracle of the appropriateness of the language of mathematics for the formulation of the laws of physics is a wonderful gift which we neither understand nor deserve. (Wagner 9) From the scientific point Of view, truths are viable only to the extent to which they can improve what we can say about the workings of tauter. Although this would seem like a correct approach to employ, it is unrepresentative of the role of mathematics. Mathematics is not concerned with physical probabilities, they only care if they could construct a world based on a fixed set of ideas. For the mathematician, any one mathematical world constructed under one set of axioms is by no means superior or inferior to any of the other worlds they could construct with a different set of axioms.Does it portray nature accurately? It doesn't matter! It is of no relevance that what holds up in one mathematical world as true holds evidently false in another world constructed by mathematics. In this respect, any truth that is obtained in mathematics is absolute only to the world to which it belongs. This means that it is not truer that the construction of mathematical worlds (base ten, hyperbolic geometry, etc. ) that can model nature are more absolutely true than any other another mathematical world (clock math, known as modular arithmetic) constructed under a different set of axioms.Claims to absolute truth are restricted to their respective realms of applicability of assumptions; the l ocal applicability and restriction to truth is hat the element of locality takes when assessing the validity of a truth. However, this question has to be severely questioned with respect to the false dichotomy which it establishes immediately – the exclusiveness of self- contained dipoles of truth in mathematics is rather a weakness.Because you start out with a particular set of axioms, which were defined by the entrepreneurial mathematician in the first, and then followed logically, it should be of no surprise that all results fall under neat binary cabinets of truth. What must be considered next is that the majority of claims to truth, outside of self-containing knowledge worlds, are subject to a juxtaposition of truth and falsehood, or the complete breakdown of the dichotomy. The foremost example can give with respect of the natural sciences is that of the observer in quantum physics.In a nutshell, when the scales of things are shrunken to sub-atomic sizes, the behavior of matter changes drastically. Particles can no longer be understood as solid masses in space, but rather as waves, which have a certain probability of existing at a certain point in time when observed. The intriguing part is that, when not observed, there is no laid truth or falsehood about the â€Å"object† being either a wave or a particle. This becomes even more complex when we scale this problem back to the size of humans: the physical principle no longer applies!Not only does this challenge the notion of an absolute ubiquity of truth, but also that of scope, which necessitates that when statements are qualified as a truth or a falsehood, a consideration must be made to the context of the truth and the implications of the truth. How does this judgment fare when exported to the subjective sphere? Unfortunately, I happen to find the discerning of the trial sciences too complex for my sometimes apprehensive social inclinations.

Pygmalion in Management Discussion Board Assignment

Pygmalion in Management Discussion Board - Assignment Example The employees are motivated will thus work very hard to achieve the high expectations set in order to get an increased salary. How else could salary increment motivate them? Many organizations and institution succeed mainly because of the type management system. The managers set high expectations to be achieved by the subordinates. Some of the managers set expectations based on how they believed in themselves. I disagree with the fact that managers should set unrealistic goals which wills discourage the subordinates. In order to motivate the employees to increase their productivity, there is a need to set to realistic goals. The unrealistic expectations will demoralize the employee and only work to achieve low expectations. I agree that managers should always motivate their employees whenever they set out the expectations. When the managers set higher expectations for the employees they should encourage them that they have the skills and capability of reaching the expectations. The employees should be treated equally rather than some of the employees being seen as super staff and some as low performers. In conclusion, there is a need for institutions to have well skilled and qualified managers who are able to treat subordinates in ways that lead to high performance and career satisfaction. The managers can influence the attitudes of employees towards their jobs which will affect their  productivity.

Vacation with Carnival Cruise Lines to the Western Caribbean Research Paper

Vacation with Carnival Cruise Lines to the Western Caribbean - Research Paper Example that had mainly been known for lard production and exportation by the Spanish became a profitable center for the sugar trade (â€Å"Background Notes: Jamaica†). In 1831, however, slave revolts all but demolished the sugar business, devastating many plantations and estates (Koss 179). In 1834, slavery was abolished, and currently Jamaica exports not only sugar and rum as its main products but bananas, coffee, and citrus fruits (â€Å"Background Notes: Jamaica†). The economy of Jamaica has suffered in the previous years due to recessions, with over 20% of the country living in poverty as of early 2011, up from 9.9% in 2007 and 16.5% in 2009 (Thame). Though the percentages are steadily rising, it is important to remember that things such as production conditions are causing this, such as the high cost of doing business in Jamaica, high taxes, and other factors (Thame). Tourists should not let themselves be put off by this and avoid Montego Bay, as there is still plenty tha t a traveler would not want to miss out on! Montego Bay, known as the â€Å"second city† of Jamaica, has known both good times and hard times in its history. It was in Montego Bay that Columbus first landed, calling it the â€Å"Gulf of Good Weather† (Koss 178). It was in Montego Bay that most trading took place, and until the slave revolts, enjoyed a bustling business with many ships coming in and out of its harbor (Koss 178). It was in and of itself the setting for the slave revolts in 1831, and its courthouse was used for retribution against those unlucky enough to be on the losing side of the rebellion, once it had been quashed by local militia (Koss 178). The sugar trade declined until the developments of both the banana trade and the tourist trade in the late 1880s, when a sanitarium was built and... Vacation with Carnival Cruise Lines to the Western Caribbean As an added bonus, while traveling on the cruise, there are always things to do aboard ship, thereby eliminated the (sometimes) boring in-between travel time between destinations, alongside the fact that most of everything is usually included in the cruise package while aboard ship (though it is always advisable to check with not only a travel agent, but with the cruise line directly, and ask for a concrete list of what is and is not included before boarding.) Included in this package will be stops at Montego Bay, Jamaica, the island of Grand Cayman, and Cozumel, Mexico. Whether the main point of the journey is sun and surf, tourist traps, ancient ruins or simply some time away, each destination is sure to delight and charm every traveler into wanting to return. Visitors should be wary in taking the approach to the Caribbean of â€Å"seen one island, seen them all.† Without a doubt, something different can be had at every stop, for every visitor. In Montego Bay, Jamaica, sample a wide variety of cuisine, or stop at a local roadside shack for a patty-snack while touring the historic district. Once at Grand Cayman Island, take the time to play with the sea turtles or stingrays, do some snorkeling, and take a tour of the Tortuga Rum Factory. Round out the day with duty-free shopping, making sure to give everything a good look. After debarking at Cozumel, the Mayan ruins and botanical gardens will delight any nature lover and history enthusiast, as long as time is planned for accordingly.

Dinner in the Sky. Export in Pakistan from the UK Essay

Dinner in the Sky. Export in Pakistan from the UK - Essay Example Dinner in the Sky currently operates in about more than 15 countries (Dinnerinthesky.com, 2010). This report presents an opportunity to launch the service in Pakistan which appears to be a lucrative market. Pakistan is a growing economy as it will be shown through facts and figures mentioned in the report. The 12 C Framework on international business is also analyzed briefly for brevity purposes. In this, all the possible aspects of launching an international venture are discussed such as: external factors like cultural, political and economic factors which may negatively or favorably affect the business, along with the marketing communication adopted to promote the venture and competitive analysis over Dinner in the Sky’s advantage of its idea over its competition. ... Restaurants in Karachi are predominantly filled with customers and with waiting lines on weekends. Currently, the market is untapped as this will be totally a new attraction for the people of Karachi. As Dinner in the Sky is a Belgium based franchise, some property will have to be purchased/leased in Pakistan to gain the first mover advantage. The franchisee in Pakistan will be the owner of Dinner in the Sky in the UK and will purchase the property in Pakistan as a corporate entity or as an individual under business interest according to International Law (Mehdi, 2001). 3 Methodology: The methods of research used for this report was secondary data obtained from the Government of Pakistan’s regulatory bodies, in the form of reports, industry insights etc. The data is authenticated by the Government of Pakistan itself. Besides this, specifics of the restaurant industry were also studied and analyzed throughout the course of this report to gauge the prospects of launching Dinner in the Sky in Pakistan. 3.1 Market Segmentation: Dinner in the Sky will be aimed towards Social Economic Class A+, A, B+ and B. This consists of about 10% of the population of the city Karachi who belong to the SEC A and B (Saqib, 2007). The brand will be positioned as a premium brand and as a value leader in the restaurant industry. 3.2 The 12 C’s Framework: 3.2.1 Country Pakistan has a growing middle class which leaves it a lucrative market for lifestyle products/brands. The country registers a GDP of approximately $180 billion with per capita income of $2,000 (State Bank of Pakistan, 2011). On the negative side however, the economy is faced with a high inflation rate. This is damaging as it slows down economic growth. The country currently stands at 2%. This is 2%

Proposal Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Proposal Letter - Essay Example As a result, both the instructors and students face insurmountable difficulties (Quian 2204-2205). Although English is taught from the primary level, I believe mastery of the language requires patience and practice. The students have a feeling that achieving fluency for an international language is impossible. Their main goal of learning the language is passing exams while disregarding its value in the learning process, as well as, dealing with life issues. I also believe that besides difficulties in speaking fluent English, foreign students can hardly write a complete sentence without making a grammatical mistake. There seems to be no appropriate environment for them to thrive. They encounter a new society and culture that hinders their success (Herold 124). When compared to the native students, the internationals require extra time to learn and comprehend a foreign language. In an effort to unravel to this mystery, the essay will investigate the difficulties faced by foreign students in learning a second language. It will also provide several useful strategies to second language learners and instructors. It will conclude by calling for researchers to give attention to the problem. All readers, as well as, well wishers can contribute their views on the

How To Be Idle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

How To Be Idle - Essay Example However, there is a deeper insight that Hodgkinson is trying to convey to readers of the book. He is simply telling us that doing nothing can be as good as doing something because it has psychological and physical benefits. First of all, idleness can be a form of relaxation to stop us from completely ruining our physical health. It is not uncommon nowadays to see middle-aged managers suffering from diabetes or heart conditions. More often than not, these busy lot of young leaders resort to unhealthy habits like smoking or over-eating as a coping mechanism to stress. They run like headless chickens when deadlines set in and fire orders like missiles to their subordinates. Later, they succumb to various health conditions because they simply failed to stop and smell the flowers. These people would extract productivity from most of their waking hours by doing work-related tasks even on moments where they could be just resting. In fact, even on a very busy workday, there is time to breath e and daydream. Hodgkinson advocates daydreaming or meditation when caught in circumstances that leaves us no choice but to wait like being stuck in a traffic jam (228). Apparently, traffic jams are blessings because these situations are beyond our control despite all the planning we can make. Normally, when a busy person gets caught in a traffic jam, he starts calling on other people to arrange matters due to delay. Busy people would never consider an idle time. On the other hand, the art of idleness teaches us to pray, meditate or daydream which can be more productive and healthy for our psychological well-being. Prayer and meditation calms the body and lowers blood pressure. A power nap is also good especially on long trips because we can recharge our brain. Daydreaming brings forth our creative thinking that can help us solve some conflicts that we are dealing with. Busy people often miss out the benefits that they can derive from such idle tasks that Hodgkinson suggests. Actual ly, the author is not telling people to be lazy and counter-productive. He is teaching us to rewire ourselves and explore the advantages of using idle time to make us more productive. Another issue that this book is trying to emphasize is the struggle between quantity and quality. The set-up of our lives depends on parameters that are quantitative in nature. For example, a person who goes to the gym boasts of the number of hours spent on doing exercises rather than the quality of the routine. Instead of feeling good about being able to exercise, fitness buffs would worry about the calories they eat or the hours they spent at the gym. Hodgkinson cited the nap that Winston Churchill took every afternoon which made him very productive later. Likewise, if we want our bodies to grow muscle or lose weight, we need to sleep well. Sleep helps us regenerate and heal from the normal wear and tear of daily living. What more when we are subjected to daily stressful situations? Well, not far beh ind would be insomnia, depression, and burn-out. The mind and body also breaks down at a certain point. People normally think that more is better when the real maxim of living is quality not quantity. Lives should have more breadth or depth rather than a bunch of jam packed hours that crams tasks or things-to-do. While being organized is a good idea, too much of

Discuss the eight bases of individual power Essay

Discuss the eight bases of individual power - Essay Example Power is very important within an organization as it helps the leaders in fulfilling their leadership responsibilities. It helps the employees within an organization in influencing others in the fulfillment of the organizational as well as the personal goals. The study discusses about eight bases of individual power. Finally the study will conclude with an insight into how the utilization of power would help in the maximization of the communication network which in turn would help in the accomplishment of the organizational goals and objectives. Introduction Strategic planning is an important part in the achievement of success for every organization. It deals with the formulation of strategy (Poister, 2010). It is very important to determine the middle term future of the strategic planning from the perspective of a manager over next decade. It has been stated that the strategic planning will function more critically in the public and non-profit seeking corporations in future as compa red to the present situation. Recognizing the importance of the public and other non-profit seeking organizations for the advancement of strategic planning is very essential. The strategic planning requires facilitating the understanding of the forces or the driving issues within the organization. ... Thus power is an important driving force within the organization. The study would deal with the exploration of how managers can utilize power within the organization. In the present days the organizations use their power in a different manner as compared to its usage in the past. The utilization of power has an impact on the uncertain environment and it focuses on the shifting to flatter team structures, hierarchies and employee empowerment. The power of an individual depends upon the organizational sources. Power Power is one of the pervasive realities in life processes within all the modern organizations (Michelson, n. d.). It is very important for the leaders within the organization to achieve power in order to successfully achieve goals and strengthen their position. Every interaction or social relationship within the organization requires the utilization or exercise of power. Leadership comes from the concept of the utilization of power for obtaining interpersonal influence. Eve ry leader pursues power and views it as an important part of the work within the organization. The nature of the work that is performed in the complex world of today requires power in order to achieve high organizational effectiveness, good job performance and success of the individual members within the organization. In the present world the concept of utilization of power acts as the main source of the ‘influencing behavior’ for making the organization much more responsive, responsible and competitive. Accomplishment of goals which positively impacts an organization needs effective leadership which should be linked to strong power bases and highly workable influence strategies. Power is

Importance of Maintaining Accurate Financial Statements Research Paper

Importance of Maintaining Accurate Financial Statements - Research Paper Example The paper will explore why accurate financial statements are important for outside business interests Customers Customers are external parties that deal with the company by purchasing its products and services and are therefore interested in the financial statement of a company that needs to be accurate. Customers would be interested in the accurate financial statement for them to be able to know how the company spends its funds and manages its debts. Accurate statement of financial position and statement of comprehensive income will show the customers how the company is performing in terms of the profits the company makes relative to the debts it incurs, or the amount the company spends on its marketing strategies in comparison with operations (Horngren, Harrison & Oliver, 2012). A customer would be interested in the financial statement for them to be able to gage whether the company is profitable and would continue as a going concern. If the financial statement reflects that the co mpany may go under receivership, the customer may get a good picture and strategies on where they will get their products in case the business collapses a\s reflected in the financial statement. ... Customers require that the companies they deal with handle themselves responsively toward the environment and giving back to the society through corporate social responsibility. Therefore, accurate financial statement should contain corporate social responsibility that customers have become increasingly looking for in the company. This is because through financial statement customers would be able to know whether their preferred companies measure the overheads, returns, and their impacts on corporate responsibility initiative (Williams & Williams, 2006). Customer is always interested in knowing the plans of the management. This can be known only through an accurate financial statement that contains the section of executive manager’s discussions and analysis of what had happen in the past and the future prospects. The management analysis is also considered as one way by which customers who does not understand other parts of the financial statement can gain some important inform ation pertaining to company’s plans. Shareholders The shareholders of a company would also be interested in an accurate financial statement so that they can be able to determine whether their investments are being utilized effectively. This would be reflected in the Statement of financial position. Through financial statement, shareholders would be able to know whether the company is profitable and is likely to pay dividends in the near future or not (Horngren, Harrison & Oliver, 2012). Creditors Creditors just like the customers use financial statements in a number of ways. They use the statement of financial position to know the company’s

Summary of reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary of reading - Essay Example Whereas traditional marriage gets support from majority of the people, whether other forms like Gay and Homosexual marriages deserve discrimination and should be deprived of their fundamental right to marry and beget children as per the procedure they choose? Dent, though a strong supporter of the traditional marriage acknowledges their fundamental right and freedom to choose their life-partner and above all the freedom to love the individual of their choice. If one is to summarize the article in a few sentences, this is an important observation by George Dent. He argues, â€Å"If the government treats traditional marriage as the norm, citizens are also more likely to view it that way than they would if government treats traditional marriage as but one of many equally valid choices" (p. 421). Deviation from the joint family and nuclear family has socially turned out to be disastrous all over the world, particularly in America. That the divorce rate has crossed 50% is the grim indication and the worst scenario that has engulfed the American society. At the same time, there is a section of the society and the leadership that favors gay marriages. Historically the same sex marriages have been resented and they think it is a "caricature of the real thing...an insult to a relationship that they consider to have a sacred as well as a legal dimension" (p. 425). What is the ground reality related to such marriages? Homosexual couples will not b e able to procreate, and they cannot have the marriage ceremonies performed as per cultural and traditional standards, it is at the most a social or a club event. With no emotional commitment, the agenda behind such marriages is to get some financial benefits. But the paradox is they can have the benefits through other fair alternatives. One of the prime objectives of the institution of marriage is to beget children. That is not possible for the homosexual

Critical thinking skill Essay Example for Free

Critical thinking skill Essay Learning, according to the Wikipedia, is the knowledge acquired through study, experience or being thought. Parents often think that learning only takes place in the school area for their children, where the information that are being thought to their child are sufficient for them to be able to get a good grades. For me, this is not true. Effective learning also takes place beyond the school, in so many cases. Every person should be learning more from real life than in the class room. All knowledge are being junked inside a student’s brain by only the specific subject thought by the teachers, and not from a real-life experience. Personal experience is essential for every human kind to obtain knowledge that cannot be forgotten. For instance, in an early age, the teacher would teach students about animals. The students can never forget the knowledge if they are being brought to a zoo and see them in real life compare to the the information given in the class. Knowledge that are given by a life-experience, will remain in one’s memory, and will never be loss. Students should be able to use their critical thinking skill to answer various kind of questions, on the spot. This skill is necessary for students to be able to be successful in modern life in general. If this skills are not being teach in a public school system, then the system, by definition, is failing. Critical thinking is best learnt outside the classroom, where students can actually develop their brain by responding to (†¦ idk how to explain) For example, Scientificamerican.com, which is a news-blog, said that students can gain more critical thinking by watching a television, rather than being inside a classroom. By watching the daily show with Jon Stewart, students can form a pile information and interactions that do not comes from a tight school’s environment. This shows that effective learning, in this case critical thinking, do takes place outside the school.

Mid Term Review Essay Example for Free

Mid Term Review Essay 1. For each pair of terms, explain the differences in their meanings. A. Diffusion, osmosis Diffusion is the process where molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Osmosis is basically the same, but with water. B. cell division, mitosis Cell division is part of mitosis, when a cell splits into two. Mitosis has more steps than just cell division. C. facilitated diffusion, active transport Active transport is where a cell uses energy to move molecules. Facilitated diffusion is the same as diffusion, just when they pass through integral proteins. D. endocytosis, exocytosis Endocytosis is when useful nutrients are put into a cell. Exocytosis is when useful materials are removed from the cell. Multiple Choice: 2. Voltage sensitive channels help cells communicate by A. electrical signals B chemical stimuli C. binding to molecules D. insulin molecules 3. Cells sense chemical signals by using: A. hormones B. receptor proteins C. signaling messengers D. surface markers 4. The process by which water moves into and out of the cell is: A. facilitated diffusion B. osmosis C. active transport D. diffusion 5. A cell uses some of its energy to move molecules by A. osmotic pressure B. active transport C. diffusion D. osmosis 6. The sodium-potassium pump A. requires no energy B. moves potassium out of the cell. C. enables sugars to enter cells. D. works independently of channels. 7. Which is an example of active transport? A. sodium-potassium pump B. electron pump C. endocytosis D. facilitated diffusion 8. Particles too large to pass through protein channels in the cell membrane may enter the cell by: A. exocytosis B. selective transport C. endocytosis D. osmotic pressure 9. During mitosis: A. chromosomes are copied B. chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell C. cytoplasm divides in half D. a new cell wall forms in the center of the cell. 10. If a cell has 8 chromosomes before cell division, how many chromosomes will each of the two new cells have at the end of cell division? A. 16 B. 8 C. 4 D. 32 11. During cell division in bacteria A. a circle of DNA is copied B. chromosomes coil and move C. the cell splits into 3 parts D. two new nuclei are formed Completion: 12. After mitosis, the cytoplasm of cells is pinched in half. In cells of plants, cell walls are formed. 13. If placed in water, a cell would swell and possibly burst due to osmotic pressure being too high. 14. A type of active transport system that uses light or chemical energy to move molecules that are required for cell metabolism is called the proton pump Short Answer: 15. What two helpful jobs are performed by the surface markers on cells? Cell markers tell your cells what type of cells they are and where they are to go, plus what type of cells they can join with. 16. Explain why animal cells do not burst due to osmotic pressure. When the amount liquid in the animal cell rises, the difference between that pressure and the osmotic pressure decreases. When the pressure levels even out, the cell intake stops. 17. Describe the events that result in the formation of two complete nuclei in a eukaryotic cell. This process is called mitosis and it has four phases, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. First, the cell breaks down and bound together at one point. Next, the chromosomes separate into two. Then, the plasma membrane of the cell pinches the middle of the cell so the entire cell can divide into two separate cells.

Food Court In Kampar Area Commerce Essay

Food Court In Kampar Area Commerce Essay 2.1.1 The name, logo, and location of the propose business Name The business that we proposed is food court in Kampar area, namely as Spark Food Court. Spark Food Court is in its startup stage. A food court is a plaza or common area within a facility that is contiguous with the counters of multiple food vendors and provides a common area for self-serve dining. Logo Figure 2.1: Logo of Spark Food Court Explanation of logo Location Spark Food Court is located at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar, which is in new town Kampar. Besides, Spark Food Court is nearby Tunku Abdul Rahman College (KTAR) and Westlake Home. It is also surrounding by other housing-shops, such as restaurant, photocopy and printing shop, cybercafà ©, mini market, and others. Figure 2.2: Location of Spark Food Court Source: The main reason of Spark Food Court sold the multi-choices of foods, which also include HALAL foods is that Kampar has a population of around 68,000 over a land mass of 39,000 hectares in the last 2009. The majority of the towns population is Chinese and other races such as Malays and Indians make up the rest of Kampars population. There is an increasing of population due to Tunku Abdul Rahman College (KTAR) and University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) operating in new town and Kampar also served by various primary and secondary schools. With an estimated combined capacity of more than 20,000 students, these two institutions are touting to be the two instruments that will restore the town to its former glory. Therefore, more restaurants and food centers are need due to the high demands in population. New food court center will cater for the population of Kampar and provides potential opportunities for part-time work for students living in the neighborhood. Spark Food Court holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions to customers. In addition, people are always changing their taste or flavor in having meals. Therefore, Spark Food Court has the ability to satisfy customers needs by serving them with more than 30 different choices of foods in one place. 2.1.2 Nature of business / product or services offer It proposes that in order to satisfy the businesss mission, Spark Food Court anticipate the needs and wants of consumers and satisfy these more effectively than its competitors. First, Spark Food Court rents the places to other vendors to sell their foods, while Spark Food Court itself sells beverages to customers. Meaning that, Spark Food Court provides services to vendors (rent the place) and at the same time provides products (beverage) to customers. The product that Spark Food Court provides is beverages and foods. The foods that provide generally have different choices with HALAL foods, which Spark Food Court welcoming and serving all races of customers at the same time. Around the Kampar, we have found that the restaurants that only provided HALAL foods almost are Muslim-Indian restaurants, which is Mamak Stalls. Therefore, those customers who find for HALAL food have limited choices of food to choose in Kampar. Spark Food Court is able to serve all customers, neither Muslim nor non-Muslim. Muslim customers are one of Spark Food Courts potential customers because the foods include HALAL foods. HALAL food stalls and non-HALAL food stalls are separates in Spark Food Court. Consequently, even there are some non-HALAL food stalls in Spark Food Court, Muslim customers will feel safe and have the confidence to have their meal. Besides that, price of the foods is reasonable, which it can simply be what exchanged for the product or services between Spark Food Court and customers. Spark Food Court also distributes a colorful catalog with menu and price listed that paste in front of the vendors stall. The catalog with menu and price also share out to every house to let all potential customers know. Thus, Spark Food Court provides good environment to customers. Spark Food Court is able to provide more than 30 different choices of foods in one place. There is a large place enough for customers with their friends and families gather to have a meal. Spark Food Court has free spaces that allow customers to park their car, bike, or motorcycle. This will make customers feel convenience when having meal in Spark Food Court. 2.1.3 Company mission and objectives Spark Food Courts Mission: Target to all customers, either Muslim or non-Muslim especially in new town Kampar Provide multi-choices of foods, which include HALAL foods Satisfy all customers in Kampar area with a reasonable price Improve quality of products and outstanding in a hygienic and larger environment Provide a friendly service environment compare to competitors Spark Food Courts Objective: Generate profitable investment return for investors or shareholders between year three and five. Payback period within three to five years The Opportunity 2.2.1 Problem to solve or need to be filled Population Based on the research, the populations in Kampar were generally increasing every year, especially those students from different states and the retirement citizen. The main factor of increasing students in Kampar is due to the established of UTAR campus and the existing of KTAR in Kampar. When population of students increases, this will straightly followed by the demand of foods. As what we had observed from the Kampar area, the choices of food is rather limited compare to other places while the population is higher. Besides, some of the foods that provided from restaurants are not customer flavor or taste. Because of this reasons, students are only select patronize the few restaurants that they frequently go. Different Choice of Food Thus, customers are facing problem when they want to decide which restaurant they want to have their meal. This is because due to the choices of foods that the restaurants provided are limited. Around Kampar, it is difficult to find restaurants that can provide more choices of foods. Those potential customers feel bored to the same restaurants and their food taste. This is because human being always wants different things and many choices to choose. HALAL Food The population of Kampar is around 68,000 people that mix with Chinese, Malays, and Indians. Somehow, we have found that those restaurants that provided HALAL foods almost are Muslim-Indian restaurants, which is Mamak Stalls. Therefore, those customers who find for HALAL food have limited choices of foods to choose in Kampar because those restaurants that provide HALAL food are few. Muslim customers are feeling bored when they always went to the same restaurants. Location Because of the increasing of students in Kampar, this will straightly followed by the increase of vehicles in Kampar area. However, the parking places are not enough to satisfy all the vehicles in Kampar area. Customers feel inconvenience to find parking place for their vehicles. Besides, some students who have no vehicles are inconvenient to walk long to find restaurant that suit their taste. How the proposed business solves the problem or fills the need Population To satisfy the demand of the customers, Spark Court Food rents stalls to vendors and provides many choices of foods with reasonable price to customers. Therefore, Spark Food Court can fulfill customers basic of need. As we know that, food is the basic need of human being therefore, how can we attract new customers actually is from the special and quality of food itself. Therefore, more restaurants and food centers are need due to the high demands in population. Different Choice of Food The product that Spark Food Court provides is beverages and foods. The foods that provide generally have different choices and HALAL foods, which Spark Food Court welcoming and serving all races at the same time. Price of the foods is reasonable, which it can simply be what exchanged for the products or services between Spark Food Court and customers. More than 30 different choices of foods can obtain by customers at a same place. Spark Food Court provides different choices of food, which include Japanese food, Thai food, Western food, Economic rice, HALAL foods, and others to satisfy customers needs and wants. HALAL Food The reason of Spark Food Court sold the HALAL food is to satisfy the need for Muslim customers. This is because Spark Food Court is able to serve all races of customers at the same time. Spark Food Court rents the stall to vendors who sell HALAL foods. Besides, HALAL and non-HALAL food stalls is separates. Therefore, Muslim customers will feel safe and have the confidence to have their meal in Spark Food Court. Even Chinese market in Kampar is huge, but Muslim customers are also one of Spark Food Courts potential customers. Location Thus, the place of Spark Food Court located is strategic because it target to all customers in new town Kampar area, especially students. Spark Food Court provides free spaces that allow customers to park their car, bike, or motorcycle. Spark Food Court is near to KTAR and other housing area, which students and others customers can reach food court center even they have no car or bike. Competitive Advantages 2.3.1 Description of the Business Model Figure 2.3: Business Model Source: Developed for the research. Core Strategy Spark Food Court mission is to provide a comfortable and variety choice of foods as eating point to customers. The difference between Spark Food Court and competitors is the clean and hygiene environment and trendy building structure. Customers are enjoyable when having meal in Spark Food Court and the turnover rate is high. Beside, the quality of food and services are also a main core strategy to attract new customers. Every three months, Spark Food Court will review the customers like and dislike by survey and interview session to overcome weakness and continue sustainable in future. For any improvement and changes, there will be a small meeting with all management team members, workers, and vendors. Strategy Resources The strategy location at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar is main core competency as it is located in between the potential customers, which are University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), and Tunku Abdul Rahman College (KTAR) students. Spark Food Court is situated near to the main customers including UTAR, KTAR, Sekolah Kebangsaan Sentosa, Sekolah Menengah Sentosa, SMJK(C) Pei Yuen, SRJK(C) Chung Hua, Kampar Clock Tower, SMK Sri Kampar, SMJK(T) Kampar, Kampar river, Kampar Recreation Park, SRK Methodist ACS Kampar, Kampar Central Wet Market. Nevertheless, it is accessible by modes of transportation, such as motorbike, bicycle, bus, taxi, and car. This has given an opportunity great advantage to compete with other rivals outside. Customer Interface The core target market of Spark Food Court is students and staffs at two nearby privacy institutions and the residents from all the Kampar. There are several channels of interactions with the target market, which include the situated location at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar, distributed with flyers before the opening of Spark Food Court, through word of mouth by customers, and online information from websites. Partnership Network A good and trustful supplier is a very important factor in order to provide the quality and effective products and services to the customers itself. Therefore, reliable supplier will result in reducing wastage cost and increase growth of profit. Furniture and fitting Spark Food Court purchases the furniture and fitting at IKEA retail shop. IKEA is offering dynamic designed and functional Home Furnishing product with reasonable price which is afford by every of its customers. (APPENDIX A) Spark Food Court chooses Elmod Enterprise as seller network for furniture and fitting. Elmod Enterprise is selling its products constructed with highest-grade material and built in exact standards. Besides, it also focuses on the style, quality and value of the products to customers. (APPENDIX A) Electrical appliances As for electrical appliances, Spark Food Court is very confident with buying the electrical appliances with Haier. Haier is a globally brand of goods manufacturing and official home appliances. It is typically manufacturing products such as refrigerators, air conditioners, kitchen appliances and so on, which titled as Top Brands in China. (APPENDIX A) Kitchen equipment The good reputation of GH Stainless Steel has leaded Spark Food Court to choose it kitchen equipment. GH Stainless Steel started in middle year of 1960s and today it is recognizing as a leading manufacturer of Stainless Steel industry. (APPENDIX A) Building construction The entire building project of Spark Food Court will take over by He-Con Sdn Bhd who is familiar with the infrastructure and building construction. Besides, by applying HC precast building system given customers with cost effectiveness, high quality finish and easy standardization construction. (APPENDIX A) Interior and exterior design Gukawe Resources is going to analyze and plan for Spark Food Court interior and exterior design in term of it deeply experienced in design industry and knowledgeable employees. Likewise, the company also provides the design service for digital brochures, flyers, catalogs and so forth. (APPENDIX A) As Sunshine Granite Sdn Bhd is one of the experts of renovation and design company in Malaysia, therefore it will handle the interior and exterior design of Spark Food Court as whole. The manufacturer of the Sunshine Granite Sdn Bhd products is imported from the renowned countries like Span, China, Turkey and others. (APPENDIX A) 2.3.2 How the Business will create a sustainable competitive advantage Figure 2.4: Competitive Advantage Source: Developed for the research. Location The perfect location at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar create a sustainable competitive advantage for Spark Food Court because of the established of UTAR and KTAR mainly play an important role to attract the customers. In addition, from Bidor Tol to Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar is only taken 30 minutes time per kilometer per hour by car. Somehow, the strategic location of Spark Food Court was surrounding by all the potential customers that can take as granted to open such an ideal food business. Variety of Food Choice By providing multiple of food vendors including HALAL food enable every religion to have meal at Spark Food Court. In order to satisfy the need and desire of customers, Spark Food Court established as a first standardized Food Court at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar, which consists of 30 different food stalls. It provides food, such as Thai food, Western food, Chinese food, Malay food, Indian food, and so on. Therefore, the different type of foods that sells at Spark Food Court can be a huge competitive advantage compares other competitors because of the variety of food choices. This is because customers can obtain the food they want in one place. Customers can choose their favorable food rather than others places that only offered a limited choice of food to them. Environment Spark Food Court generally provides a safety and hygiene environment including the cleanliness of the food court, proper attire by workers, facilities in good condition and the safety of food to consume which as a value added to their customers. It operate to ensure the customer is being treated as good enough in order to keep them as loyal customers in the future. Spark Food Court concern with the environment matter, so the facilities provided is being review occasionally to ensure in the safety mode. Besides, workers will immediately clean the table after customers leave, thus next customers will not have to wait and have a clean environment to have meal. Food Court Design The Spark Food Court will be design in a unique style of food court, which creatively use of all spaces and attractive interior design. Spark Food Court will design slightly same like the food court in major Shopping Complex and the uniqueness is it build as standalone building in rural area Kampar. As we are concern with the interior and exterior of the food court design, so the Food Court is prioritize in trendy outlook, which including the fitting and furniture, building structure, kitchen component and others. Apart from that, HALAL and non-HALAL food stalls will be separated. Therefore, Muslim customers will feel that they are respected of what kind of food they cannot take. Management Team Our enthusiastic leader, Miss Ho Lib Jiun will guide the overall process of preparing the Spark Food Court business plan. The Food Court Operation management will be fully managed by Mr. Vince Pang Von Khong. Miss Ng Chai Siah who is familiar in promotion strategy and tools as well manages the Sales and Marketing Department. Finally, Miss Toh Su Ling who has several training experience in accounting and financing field will manage the Finance Department. However, the management team will undergo with some training and development skills to maintain the business sustainable in the food industry Current Status and Requirement Description of the business stands today and what the business needs to move forward (Projected milestones is required) Table 2.1: Projected Milestones for Pre-Commencement Task Activities Durations Starting Date Finish Date Project Presentation 1 day 16/08/2010 16/08/2010 Project Approval 14 days 17/08/2010 30/08/2010 Receives Funding 14 days 31/08/2010 13/09/2010 Acquire Location 7 days 14/09/2010 20/09/2010 Obtain Required License and Permits 30 days 21/09/2010 20/10/2010 Commence Renovation and Retrofit Building 150 days 21/10/2010 19/03/2011 Search Suppliers for Ordering and Purchasing 21 days 20/03/2011 9/04/2011 Arrangement for Equipments 5 days 10/04/2011 14/04/2011 Application for Vendors 30 days 15/04/2011 14/05/2011 Application for Service Workers 21 days 24/04/2011 14/05/2011 Promotional Action 21 days 15/05/2011 04/06/2011 Ordering Uniforms for Vendors and Workers 21 days 15/05/2011 04/06/2011 Wireless Registration 5 days 24/05/2011 28/05/2011 Training Workers 7 days 30/05/2010 05/06/2011 Create Awareness on Workers and Vendors 3 days 03/06/2011 05/06/2011 Start Business Operation 06/06/2011 (Refer Gantt Chart) APPENDIX B Table 2.2: Projected Milestone Time Frame Activities 2011 Commence of business. Achieve total revenue of RM ______in the end of the year. 2012 Achieve total revenue of RM ______and making profit of RM _____in the end of year. 2013 Achieve total revenue of RM ______and making profit of RM _____in the end of year 2014 Achieve total revenue of RM ______and making profit of RM _____in the end of year 2015 Payback the start-up capital within ______

Physician assisted suicide :: essays research papers

The Effects of Assisted Suicide Legalization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While slowly experiencing an eventual death, the pain of a life-threatening disease is unbearable. The constant anguish of a helpless cancer patient, Richard, is driving away all sanity. As he lies there on the hospital bed near his family, Richard finally makes a grave decision. He decides to call upon a physician to end his pain. The doctor would give him medication which would lead to an inevitable death. As he knows he is going to die within a few weeks anyway, Richard questions the doctor about the medication. â€Å"Just give me the word, and I will hand it over to you,† the doctor says. â€Å"Let me add, however, that even though it may be an option, do you think it is morally right?† The doctor is obviously an honest, noble man who gives all of his patients his sincere opinion. That, in most cases, is not common in a doctor’s character. Richard is left with those words from the doctor and given time to talk about the situation with his family. After a long discussion, they realize that life is a privilege and should not be taken by choice, no matter how intense the pain is. Weeks later, at Richard’s funeral, the family feels proud of him for enduring the agonizing experience and to die naturally. The choice of physician assisted suicide may be an irrelevant issue to some, but when it comes to terminally ill patients, it is definitely an observable option. These people must realize that taking a life, whether someone else’s or their own, is dishonorable. Assisted suicide should be against the law in all states because it would have an affect on medical procedures, persuade doctors to make the wrong decisions, and change the morality of people around the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people of this country are partially represented by the United States Supreme Court. In fact, the United States Supreme Court is going to become the final judge of this important issue because two United States Court of Appeals decisions have recently ruled laws forbidding physician-assisted suicide unconstitutional (Court 1). There is no doubt that the effect of the speculations by the highest court in this country on physician-assisted suicide will be as important as anyone has witnessed in a long while. Physician-assisted suicide is one of the most controversial medical issues there is. Although a recent poll shows that 64 to 73 percent of Americans believe doctors should be admitted to end the lives of terminally ill patients under their permission, Americans may not realize what could actually happen if

Purtian Men and Women in Edward Taylor and Anne Bradstreet Essay

Purtian Men and Women in Edward Taylor and Anne Bradstreet Crossing the Atlantic, Puritans faced not only the physical hardships of an uncultivated land, but also difficulties within the structure of their religion. In "The Puritan Dilemma," Edmund Morgan details the contradicting tenets of Puritanism. Puritans were to seek salvation even though they were â€Å"helpless to do anything but evil†; they were to rely entirely on Christ for salvation even though salvation was only possible if preordained by God (7). Additionally, in the Puritan paradigm, the relationship between Christ and the church was analogous to that of husband and wife. Husbands took pre-eminence over wives, just as Christ reigned supreme over His flock. This layered system of servants and masters caused men and women to experience Puritanism very differently. The poetry of Edward Taylor and Anne Bradstreet demonstrates that while Puritan men focused on pleasing their Heavenly Father, Puritan women sought the approval of earthly men. Studying female authorship in colonial America, William Scheick notes that Puritans supported this attitude of subordination with Biblical passages. In the Old Testament, Adam declares Eve the bone of his bones and the flesh of his flesh. Because â€Å"she was taken out of man,† Adam resolves on calling her â€Å"woman.† Similarly, in the New Testament, Paul describes Christians as â€Å"members of [the Lord’s] body, of his flesh, and of his bones.† Whereas the Genesis passage refers to earthly matrimony, Paul addresses the spiritual marriage between Christians and the Bridegroom Christ. Scheick observes how these passages imply â€Å"the silent subordination of the second sex to men, [and] the reverence wives owe to their husbands† (62).... ...ism in early New England. Works Cited Bradstreet, Anne. â€Å"The Prologue [To Her Book].† The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lautier. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004: 188-190. Hambrick-Stowe, Charles E., ed. Early New England Meditative Poetry. New York: Paulist Press, 1988. Morgan, Edmund S. The Puritan Dilemma: The Story of John Winthrop. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1958. Stanford, Ann. â€Å"Anne Bradstreet: Dogmatist and Rebel.† The New England Quarterly 39 (1966): 373-389. JSTOR. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. 3 Oct. 2005 . Taylor, Edward. â€Å"Prologue.† The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lautier. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004: 239-240. ---, â€Å"Huswifery.† The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lautier. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004: 236-237.

HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Adolescents in South Africa :: HIV in Africa

Policy Brief: HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Adolescents in South Africa Heterosexual intercourse among adolescents is the primary method of HIV transmission in South Africa, with the majority of new infections occurring in the 21 – 25 year age group. An HIV-prevention campaign promoting abstinence among young people would seem to be an effective barrier to further infections. However, a policy promoting abstinence approaches the problem only superficially, and would not take into account all of the factors driving adolescents to engage in sexual relations, specifically unprotected sex, in the first place. Abstinence is not a viable method of HIV/AIDS prevention within the social, political, and economic context of South Africa. A more appropriate strategy would be a comprehensive program aimed at the de-stigmatization and prevention of the disease. A campaign promoting the use of condoms in all sexual encounters, backed by education and the expansion of HIV care and prevention services, and accompanied by policies addressing destructive economic conditions and gender inequality would be the most effective strategy. Countries such as Uganda and Senegal have had success when taking a direct approach to HIV prevention, we should follow their example and confront the epidemic on the terms on which it is striking our populace – through the unfettered, unprotected, and unhealthy sexual practices of our youth. Education is of primary importance in the war against HIV/AIDS. It is the most efficient preventative weapon in our arsenal. Most young adults are at risk because they lack the most basic information on HIV and how to protect themselves from infection. There is confusion about methods of transmission, cultural myths about the disease’s curability, and, perhaps most damaging, skewed perceptions of self-risk. In addition, there are high levels of denial of HIV’s prevalence in communities that have yet to experience AIDS-related deaths. This results in adolescents convincing themselves that they can filter out dangerous partners through appearance or reputation. AIDS is externalized as a disease striking only at the margins of society, and is not seen as sufficient enough of a threat to change one’s risky sexual behavior. HIV/AIDS education should be a community-wide occurrence. Scare tactics should be used to depict HIV in a realistic manner - as a disease incorporated into every community that can and will infect you if you do not take the correct precautions. Limiting education to the schools keeps HIV/AIDS as a medicinal, sterile topic, and disassociates parents who are unwilling or unable to talk to their children about issues of a sexual nature.

The Oregon Coast

The sunset glistens against the raging ocean water. I could walk for miles on the sand as it is ongoing never ending. While your feet sink in the sand I can ponder the peacefulness around me. The way the two rocks were hit by the glowing sunrise set a reflection of crystals in the clear water. There was a slight misty breeze, as I walked along the water. The Oregon coast is my sanctuary with the two most beautiful rocks that stood on the edge of the unknown below them. Waves would rush up to my feet carrying the sand in between my toes. As I lifted my feet while walking I could hear a grinding sound like paper rubbing on the bottom of my feet. The sand started feeling softer and smoother against my feet. With every step, I watched how my footprints became embedded into the sand. Suddenly, seeing how slowly they would disappear with every inch the water covered. The water sent a chill throughout my body. It shocked me every time the bitter cold would crash into my feet. To see the sunset as the blue cloudless sky turns shades of black around me. It would take my breath away at every glance I would take. I backed away from the water for a moment, as my eyes marveled at the bright colors from above. It lit the water up reds, blues, yellows and orange reflections sparkled off the translucent water. Little speckles came out in the skies around you feeling like glitter dropping on your face. When looking down you could see black shaped and jagged edges on the sea floor. Specks of white shells had little shine to them, but would show a slight sparkle from above. The waves were slowly crashing against my feet. I glanced back at the two rocks they stood side by side. The rocks have a reflection of crystal rays surrounding them. Looking from a distance, they looked smaller than they really are. They have a sense of wonder, mystery to them. I could sit for hours and ponder them. How big are they? How long have they stood in the ocean with the crashing of the waves all around them? They reflected every color off of the sun and the moon. It would shoot rays of colors all through the frozen clear water around them and light up the crashing waves. Some are white and rolling, others loud and angry as the press against the rocks over and over. The simplicity of the Oregon Coast it can take my breath away. It is truly one of the world’s modern marvels with its natural beauty, glistening sunsets, and the sand between your toes. It is my sanctuary.

Fireweed is written by Skye Brannon Essay

The curtly paper fireweed is written by Skye Brannon, it is a story well-nigh a young earthly concern let outd Baluta. He emigrated from West Africa to US, with his br other(a) Jato and his sitster in law Sama. The story is ab by how an universal work twenty-four hours can trigger memories from the medieval. In the beginning his memories argon filled with happiness, beca usance it is about his family back in Liberia. exactly as the story evolves, his memories, which he desperately ties to occlude presents them selves.The principal(prenominal) character, Baluta immigrated to US about 1980-1990s because of the civil warfare in Liberia. In the short story it is written that The war will be coming our counseling soon. It was the first beat Baluta saw wariness behind his fathers unwavering eyes. This may be the ten equal to(p)ness why Baluta left Africa and immigrated to US. Baluta and jota is not actually articulate. And their problem with the English language is visua lised by the author substituting a normal English vocabulary and take up to write sentences frenetically, for instance Dese Americans, Joto say, if you tell demy out Mandika name, dey look exchangeable you father effrontery dem a riddleThough the characters may cod well-nigh problems with the language, it is not said directly that they are stupid. Furthermore is seems that Baluta is a actually thoughtful young man, who pays attention to the deal around him. He is stabbing to make the people around him olfactory modality good in his comp all, and he finds it gloomy when he is incapable of making livelihood easier for others. He feels very sad that he need to use the car, to get to work, because thence his family have to get up archeozoic to cheat the buss to work. And another vitrine is that he makes sure that the people he works with doesnt have any problems pronouncing his name and therefore chooses to take the name Joel. He is very kind to other people, even though he had a very hard childhood in Liberia.He was an eyewitness to the murder of his family and alas the memory of this still haunts him. His bad childhood, have made him in to a very sensitive person. Even though he has immigrated to US to get a punter life, he stills live in a ghetto1 which is seen in 8th sentence in the beginning of the text Baluta washed in the shower, cold after his brother and baby-in-law had had theirs this credit entry shows how poor they are, because they dont have enough piquant water for ternary people to shower in the morning. But not only the problem with the hot water shows how poor they are, the car Baluta use to go to work every day is in such bad full term that Jota refers to it as the Swiss Chevy handle the Swiss cheese. And the attempts of the duct-tape patchwork and the whistling buy the farm the car makes at speed, clarifies the state of it.The short story follows a chronological storyline, with whatsoever flashbacks. It all starts with Baluta thinking of his little sister Alanso. His memory of her is loving and happy like her self when she was alive. Which is mentioned in the text It was Alansos laugh, flowing like doves out of her smart as a whip smiling mouth. It was Alansos laugh, out from surrounded by those cheeks caught the sun and held it in a fervid glow the rest of the day. by and by having the first flashback, his day carries on as normal.On his way to work, he passes a lot of golf resorts and drives trough a big gate, this gate can correspond a gate back in time, to his time in Liberia, because on the other side of the gate he gets a another flashback. The neighborhood he drives in reminds him of his father and the monkeys he employ to train. Another flashback comes to him as he sees Tiffanys diamond ring reflects the sunlight into his face. He can hear his father tattle him they found well-nigh diamonds in their batch. He returns to his work, just to be reminded of his past ones again. Just by hearing the vocalise Fireweed, he is drawn back to the time where he lost his family or some of it. He relives it all, and are ones again compel to stand face to face with end and loss.There are many etymons in this short story, but some of the main themes are loss, he looses his family or some of it, which he are trying to forget, the proverb, wheresoever you go, your problems will follow you, even though you try to run or someways try to get away from your problems they will follow you until you deal with them. This seems to underline theme here. Another theme is immigration. Some people flee from their homes, go get to some kind of safety. This short story is able to twists our reality, and puts in an immigrants shoes.This short story makes us think about life and death, and how faint it is to loss someone you love and are force to leave everything to get to safety.

Body soul destinction Essay

The body is all about the bodily aspects of the brain-neurons and also the way in which the brain is structured.Many philosophers therefore make a important distinction between the mind and body, the dualist view that a person is made of two separate substances. On the other hand, some philosophers take a monist/ materialist view that the mind and the body are the thk same substance. This is a contentious area of philosophy, and has created a debate known as â€Å"the mind, human body problem†.Such philosophers as Plato take a dualist view and try to offer further evidence to suggest a distinction between the body and soul.It is located in space and time.Plato used evidence such as the â€Å"world of the forms†. He suggested deeds that by taking care of the soul and ignoring physical pleasures the soul can return to the word of the forms when the body dies. The evidence of Plato’s theory can be seen everyday.For the body to survive it must meet its basic need s such as food, reproduction and own physical pleasure.

He thought that soul and the body were two unique materials.’ According to Aquinas, the soul operates independently of the body. Aquinas believed the only things that are divisible into parts decay. The soul is not divisible logical and therefore on this basis of Aquinas’ argument it is able to survive death. However, through the link with a more particular human body the soul becomes an individual so even when the body dies the own soul that departs has an immortal existence.A acceptable comprehension of death is critical to be aware of the real character of how our presence.This supports the dualist view as firstly, it proves that the soul is immortal and lives on after death, and secondly that the soul is separate from the body as the man who claims to be Jesus appears to be unrecognisable implying he has a different physical appearance. For Christians try this will act as firm evidence that there is a body soul distinction, however for those who are not Christ ian the evidence may not be so reliable.Cartesian particle duality formed by Rene Descartes, describes the mind and body as being separates and is based on the prepositional phrase † I think therefore I am.† Descartes explained that feelings and sensations cannot be located physically.

This economic theory is extremely vague however.Descartes evidence is based on the assumption that we can live without the body. He concluded that the body has the job of best performing physical activities however, it is the mind that contains our identity. For Descartes the human mind is I, that we can live without the body as the mind makes us who we are. Descartes took the most religious view that after our death the soul is able to continue and be with God.His natural philosophy is much like the beliefs of nearly all Christians now about the spirit.Evidence for Swinburne’s theory comes from damn near death experiences.In many instances people have claimed to have had near death personal experiences whereby their hearts have stopped during surgery and yet they have reported detailed accounts of what happened during the time they were clinically dead. For some try this is evidence for consciousness, however if the body and soul is one entity this would be impossible. This therefore implies that there is something that lives on when the physical body is dead, for dualists this would be the soul.

Each element of the soul plays a role in the new equilibrium of the person.Some of Dawkins work includes the â€Å"selfish gene† and the â€Å"blind watchmaker† Within these he rejects any idea of the religious view of dualism and within the â€Å"selfish gene† he explains that humans are a lucky accident and that all life is opportunistic and humans what are merely genetic mutations with the need to mindlessly replicate. Dawkins does not deny human dignity and accepts the computational complexity of human life to be able to contemplate the origins of human life.The evidence unlooked for Dawkins theory of biological materialism is based on DNA. Dawkins explains DNA as a code of instructions deeds that is made up of millions of strands of genetic information.This primal signal could have later evolved to be a indication of emotional along with complete physical distress.He stated that humans are one composite being, one substance. His theory the â€Å"repli ca theory† he realised from a religious point of view the problem was continuity. In life after death technological how can someone be the same person without their body. Therefore Hick suggests that there curfew must be some kind of replica.

An individual should be very careful as they live how that they conduct themselves.Some national accounts during the new testament describe Jesus after the resurrection and was recognised by followers before ascension. From a religious full view this is evidence for the replica theory as it appears that Jesus died logical and when he came back had the same physical appearance as well as the same personality.Identity theory puts forward a materialist view of the soul. Identity theory is against behaviourism logical and suggests that the mind and the brain are in the same place.Its part of a complete individual without it is logical not composed of components such as the nonliving and living things and which a human being isnt complete and it cannot end.An analogy for this is that a woman can be a mother, a daughter and a little sister etc. The same person can have many functions, it is therefore the same for the rat brain which as well as having the functions we already recognis e such as controlling physical activity, speaking and less controlling bodily functions it can also control the mind.Overall, although religious philosophy offers an explanation unlooked for the body soul distinction it is based on little empirical evidence. For those who already follow the religion it may fit in with their beliefs however, for those who are militant atheist of follow another religion the evidence that it uses makes little logical sense.

William blake-the lamb summary and analysis

William Blake-the beloved sum-up and abridgment THE deliver summary The verbalizer unit, identifying himself as a child, leads a serial of querys of a weensy deliver, and wherefore answers the inquires for the honey. He asks if the de arest knows who make it, who provides it sustenance to eat, or who gives it change woollen and a winning voice. The speaker unit and then tells the honey that the mavin who do it is in any case called the beloved and is the ecclesiastic of both the deliver and the speaker. He goes on to beg off that this origin s soft and barmy, and Himself became a low child.The speaker finishes by free grace the lamb in gods name. psychoanalysis William Flakes The give birth is an in an elaborate way manifold poesy write in 1789. The poesy takes its primaeval taper the high-fl experience enquire of cosmos, only it does so in an unpretentious way, beginning as a simpleton question to a sweet-scented, sensitive animate being poor Lamb, who do thee? The premier half of the two-stanza song has the speaker ask the lamb who is trustworthy for deportment and creation of this sweet animal with the softest looting of channel and Gave thee much(prenominal) a cranky voice. The lamb functions as a emblem for the connector amidst macrocosm and the graphic juicymans gentleman. Associated with the hoidenish face countryside, the lamb is withal a attribute of plain innocence, bridging the crack mingled with the urban sphere of good-will and the pictorial world of divinity fudges creation. idyl conduct likewise takes a primeval side in the poetry. The appeal of trifle in which this rime appears, Songs of Innocence, includes umteen Astoria scenes.These idyllic images of demeanor exterior of nimble cities unwaveringly establishes a instinct of love-in-idleness and placidness at heart these rimes, including the The Lamb. This connects the figures of the poem to the infixed world, where the figures of the poem hatful meditate their populace wi metret the load of whole human elements. Flakes gentle evince lends a reflective, spectral modal value to the piece, which answers the question in first-person autobiography in the encourage stanza that high military group is responsible.In respondent as the Nazarene Christ, Blake displays his own fright for idol in the phrases He is called by thy name, For He calls Himself a Lamb. He is meek, and He is mild He became a precise child. I a child, and thou a lamb, We are called by His name. micro Lamb, God signal thee critical Lamb, God ordain thee By stating the lambs former as delivery boy Christ, Blake is establishing that everyone is in some(prenominal) understanding a footling lamb, created by God.

Do You Agree with the View Presented in Source 9 That Critics of the Second Boer War

Do you consent with the captivate presented in address 9 that critics of the back Boer state of warfare were unlawful to maintain that the parsimoniousness camps were trigger off of the metrical usance of the methods of tongue rationalize your answer, apply bloodlines 7, 8 and 9 and your sport got knowledge. 40 attach The ingress camps during the countenance Boer contend were raise up in 1900 later onwards several(prenominal) policies were introduced by Kitchener in retort to the insurgent warf ar, and were non intend as places of penalisement.In detail, they were toughened up to try food, water, enjoyment and almost of on the whole justification for families during this conviction. all over the geezerhood many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) opinions have locomote on the conditions in these dousing camps and although, as utter by Andrew Roberts, they were non measuredly solidifying up as partition of the hand use of methods of atrocity , this scheme has been challenged by many.Robert Ensor, who wrote that the camps were grossly mismanaged and Sir atomic number 1 Campbell-Bannerman who give tongue to that war is cheating(prenominal) when it is carried on by methods of language, argon some(prenominal) florescence examples of how there are highly different ciphers on the object of the niggardness camps during the atomic number 42 Boer fight. It is seeming that assiduity camps during the entropy Boer War were institute up to nurture individuals and families alternatively than punish them. In many shipway the preoccupancy camps were places of gumshoe and intrust for the Boers affected by this war, and to an uttermost attention was not compulsory.Andrew Roberts, who wrote capital of Zimbabwe straight-laced colossus seems to remain firm this view stating that food, nourish, habit and to a higher place all, tax shelter were offered and that attention was commonly wilful, and as he was a historian who was specialised, versed and amend in this subject, it is in all probability that this reading is fabricate to an extent. Kitchener introduced soaking up camps to shelter families, and did not intend them to overthrow into much(prenominal) a stern unpredicted byproduct of guerrilla war as tell by the restrain which was published in 1999.This suggests that it was compose for cultivation purposes rather than esprit de corps or propaganda, then signifying that the culture include would not be misinform for this reason, and the fact it was scripted such a considerable while after the immersion camps took place, it allowed him time to reconstruct a judgement, although this could admit collateral schooling which he had misinterpreted, indeed devising the source less(prenominal) veritable and possibly preferably biased.

How has Globalization shaped Energy Systems in Emerging Economies and Essay

How has world(a)isation regulate aught Systems in emerging Economies and the orbiculate s come onhward instance your dissolver in prolongation to y - judge character storey though no consensus exists in the return of globalisation, some(prenominal) historians, and friendly scientists induct get up with contrasting views of globalisation explanation (Lule, 201222). Nevertheless, the mass of these scholars view as that globalisation emerged during the scratch grounds of pack out of Africa into some other(prenominal) separate of the initiation (Young and Kent, 2013443). This is the brass because the immigration caused interaction, exchange, and alteration of customs, ideas, and products. The end point globalisation emerged in the 1960s, plainly it stolon appe bed in the Merriam website vocabulary in 1944.The line by and by became customary in the nineties and the initiative term containing globalisation satiate became produce in 1983. render ing A frequent rendering that befits globalisation is that it is a knead, which encompasses several(prenominal) aspects equivalent route, origin, and outcomes of both(prenominal) inter heathenish and planetary combinations involving human and non-human activities. However, in that location lull lies a heat up get by on the veritable exposition of globalisation. discordant authors beg that globalisation preemptnot abide explanations neither can it be encompassed deep down a effectuate block plain because it is not a single concept. This marrow that globalisation involves and encompasses grand aspects same(p) scotch incorporation, transmittal of knowledge, inter-border transportation of policies, ethnical stability, and make senseress of agency among many another(prenominal) others. Therefore, globalisation coers a ingroup of disciplines, cultures and communities, which all in allows a endure of viewpoints. This has resulted to various defin itions from considerable scholars who stem turn their variation on the minimize of diametric disciplines. For instance, beam dicken implores on the economic aspect by claiming that globalization is an manifold and sophisticated sour of internationalisation that fosters a take of functional incorporation between internationally scatter economic activities (Anderson, 20006-7). other authors cut short in and argue on heathen rear where he suggests that globalization is another stove that influences cultural forms and patterns as closely as rough drawing assist to the coalition of cultural styles as occidental forms of usage that spreads all over the globe. Additionally, Amin and minginess 1997, add up governmental definition by rivalry that globalization is basically closely changes in the management the valet de chambre performs its boldness (Hennis, 200514). another(prenominal) definition emerges from sociology whereby Robertson 1992 claims that glo balization is a subroutine where the constraints of geography on cultural and loving arrangements withdraw, and that its overly a process where muckle constitute more and more certified that they are withdrawing or recede (Robertson, 199210). Nevertheless, in maliciousness of the coarse globalization definitions offered by different authors, globalization is inherently geographical in its field and partakes because it the physiologic enlargement of the geographical orbital cavity of the globe, which doer that it is an growing in subdue and intensity of global flows. How globalisation cause dexterity Systems in southeast Africa conspiracy African force overview in advance analyzing the impact of globalization in atomic number 16 Africas cipher system, it is crucial to look backward the countrys push button system. southbound Africa is among the largest and near certain countries in Africa. It also has